Voice disorders affect a person’s ability to speak normally and are often characterized by issues with pitch, volume, tone, and other voice qualities. These disorders can be caused by several factors, ranging from misuse of the voice to medical conditions like vocal cord nodules or neurological issues.
Types of voice disorders
- Vocal cord nodules: Benign growths on the vocal cords caused by vocal abuse.
- Vocal cord polyps: Softer, swollen lesions on the vocal cords, often related to prolonged vocal strain or smoking.
- Vocal cord cysts: Fluid-filled sacs within the vocal cords can cause hoarseness and breathy voice.
- Laryngitis: Inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting from infection or overuse, leading to voice loss or hoarseness.
- Vocal cord paralysis: A condition where one or both vocal cords cannot move, affecting voice quality, volume, and the ability to swallow.
- Spasmodic dysphonia: A neurological disorder causing involuntary spasms in the vocal cords, leading to a tight, strangled, or stuttering voice.
- Reinke’s edema: Swelling of the vocal cords due to fluid buildup, often associated with smoking, causing a deep, husky voice.
- Papillomatosis: A rare condition characterized by multiple growths or papillomas on the vocal cords caused by HPV, leading to hoarseness and breathing difficulties.
- Muscle tension dysphonia: Excessive muscular tension and poor coordination in the voice box, resulting in a strained or fatigued voice without structural abnormalities.
- Presbylaryngis: Age-related changes in the vocal cords, leading to a weak, breathy voice due to atrophy of the vocal cord muscles.